Zaid, Nurhidayah, Nor Haniza Sarmin, Sanhan Muhammad Salih Khasraw, and Ibrahim Gambo. 2026. “Perfect Codes in Graph Theory: A Ring-Theoretic Perspective”. Journal of Quality Measurement and Analysis 21 (2):153-62. https://doi.org/10.17576/jqma.2102.2025.11.