IVPNSDWGA: An Enhanced Dombi-Based Interval-Valued Pythagorean Neutrosophic Aggregation Model for SDG-Driven Sustainable Investment Decision

Abstract

Decision-making in the area of sustainable and green finance often depends on information that is uncertain and difficult to express using conventional numerical methods. This issue becomes more apparent when evaluating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) indicators, as expert judgements in this context are typically imprecise and may overlap with one another. To address this limitation, the present study proposed a novel aggregation mechanism for Interval Valued Pythagorean Neutrosophic Sets (IVPNS), referred to as the Interval-Valued Pythagorean Neutrosophic Dombi Weighted Geometric Average (IVPNSDWGA) aggregation operator. The proposed aggregation operator incorporates Dombi t-norm and t-conorm functions into the IVPNS framework. It enables a more realistic representation of interval values based on linguistic information and the inherent uncertainty in expert evaluations. The mathematical properties of the operator, including idempotency, monotonicity, and boundedness, are examined to ensure its consistency and suitability in multi-attribute decision-making environments. The proposed operator is applied to demonstrate the practical applicability in the sustainable investment problem involving the evaluation of green-oriented companies. The case study evaluates the green sector and alignment with selected Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The findings demonstrate that the proposed operator produces consistent, stable rankings even when the input data are imprecise. The IVPNSDWGA offers better alternative discrimination than current aggregation techniques, particularly when expert evaluations involve overlapping or uncertain information. These results indicate that the proposed operator offers a practical and reliable tool for sustainability-driven financial decisions, where uncertainty plays a central role.